![]() Say, Vaccine A gives a P-Value of 0.2, Vaccine B gives 0.058, Vaccine C gives 0.4, Vaccine D gives 0.02, Vaccine E gives 0.07. And hence if P-Value for any vaccine comes less than that, we say we can reject the Null Hypothesis. So let’s say we do Hypothesis Tests for all 5 types of vaccines one by one. # Hack 1Ĭonsider we have 5 types of CoronaVirus candidate Vaccines with us for which we need to check which one has actual impact on recovery time of patients. We say that we P-Hacked when we incorrectly exploit the statistical analysis and falsely conclude that we can reject the null hypothesis. In other words, the sample you took from the population didn’t occur by pure chance and the experiment indeed had a significant effect.Īs we say that getting any P-value of less than alpha gives us the liberty to safely reject the Null Hypothesis, we might be making a mistake if our experiment itself is not showing the right picture! In other words, it might be a false positive. If you got a P-Value of anything less than 0.05 in our case, then you can safely say that the null hypothesis can be rejected. So, if our P-Value comes, say, 0.04, we say we reject the Null Hypothesis.Ī low P value suggests that your sample provides enough evidence that you can reject the null hypothesis for the entire population. Therefore, if we get our P-value less than that alpha, that would mean that our statistical test didn’t occur by chance and it was indeed significant. P-values are defined as the probability of getting the outcome as rare as that alpha or even rarer. A common value for it is 0.05, which can be thought of as a probability. While performing Statistical tests, a threshold value or the alpha needs to be set prior to starting the test. It measures how correct your sample data are with the null hypothesis. P-values evaluate how well the sample data supports that the null hypothesis is true. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career Learn data science courses online from the World’s top Universities. Beware of P-Hacking!īy the end of this tutorial you will have the knowledge of below: Interpreting P-Value can be tricky and you might be doing it wrong. One of the most important concepts in statistics is Hypothesis Testing and P-Values. Statistical Analysis is an essential part of Data Science and analysis. ![]()
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